...it would be better to translate rubedo as "work in the purple"rather
than
"work
in the red."The purple results from the union of light and
darkness, a union
which marks the
victory of light. Purple is the royal
color. It is also, according to
Suhrawardi, the color of the
wings of the
archangel who presides over the fate of humanity, whenever a
wise
man
discovers the sacredness of all things; the archangel has soiled one
of his
wings with
shadow; the "Silent One," by his presence alone, brings
together the white wing
with the
black wing and unites them in the purple."
"He was born in the purple, almost literally on the hem of the
imperial
purple; for his own cousin was the Holy Roman Emperor (Frederick II).
A bond of blood bound him to
the great Emperors of the Rhine and Danube who
claimed to wear the crown
of Charlemagne; Red Barbarossa, who sleeps under the
rushing river,
was his great uncle, and Frederick II, the Wonder of the
World,
his second cousin."
"His family was connected by marriage with the Hohenstaufens; they had
Swabian
blood in their veins, and so the great schoolman was of the race of
Frederick
II. Monasticism seized on Thomas in his early youth; be became an
inmate of
Monte Casino;"
"During the years of the sharpest struggle between Emperor and
Pope
Thomas was studying at the Benedictine Abbey of Monte
Cassino which at
that time also served as an imperial castle, situated on the border between
Hohenstaufen and papal territory.
In the first months of the year 1239, when Frederick II was
excommunicated, Monte Cassino came
directly into the zone of battle.
The garrison of the castle, half of which had to be supported by the
abbey, was more than doubled. The fortifications were expanded by order of the
Emperor himself,
who had first entered his Sicilian kingdom twenty
years previously at this very spot. In this same year,
the monks had
to leave their monastery. Among their company was the fifteen-year-old Thomas
Aquinas."
"At sixteen years of age he caught the more fiery and vigorous
enthusiasm of
the Dominicans. By them he was sent --no unwilling proselyte
and pupil--to
France. He was seized by his worldly
brothers, and sent back to Naples; he was
imprisoned in one of the family
castles, but resisted even the fond entreaties
of his mother and his sisters.
He persisted in his pious disobedience, his
holy hardness of heart; he was
released after two years' imprisonment--it
might seem strange--at the command
of the Emperor Frederick II. The godless
Emperor, as he was called, gave Thomas
to the Church. Aquinas took the
irrevocable vow of a Friar Preacher." (Milman,
History of Latin Christianity ,
VIII. 265)
"St. Thomas turned away from his royal destiny and chose to
be a Mendicant
Friar, a Beggar, in the Dominican order. Chesterton argues that
it would be
accurate to describe St. Thomas as anÖ
'...International
Man in an International Age.' There was an International War
being fought in
the sense that '...two internationalities were at war: the
Catholic Church and
the Holy Roman Empire...between the Popes and the
German
Emperors."
"St.Thomas is the author of some of the most splendid hymns of the
Roman
Breviary and
Missal. He was entrusted by the pope with the task of
composing the office for
the new festival of
Corpus Christi."
"The choir softly sing;
Three lullabies
in an ancient tongue,
For the court of the crimson king.
"
Three
Lullabies
- Three Impostors
"It was
rumored that Frederick had written a book titled De Tribus
Impostoribus ("
About the Three Impostors
"). The impostors, so the story
went, he considered to be Moses, Jesus and
Mohammed, the founders of the
religions of the Western world. The rumor was
false, but it seems to have
captured the essence of his views. It was said he
did not believe in
God."
Despite their differences, Aquinas and Frederick
were doing much the same
thing.
"The exodus from Monte Cassino led the boy to Naples -- to the beginning of his
particular destiny; it took him permanently
out of seclusion and
thrust him into the heated center of all the intellectual battles of that time.
The
University of Naples, founded in the year of Thomas's birth, was
the first "pure state university," -- not a
"school for seminarians
but a school for imperial officials."
Frederick II had designed it to work against the Church. Here,
according to custom, Thomas studied
the "liberal arts." What is most
important is that, under the tutelage of the Irishman, Peter of Hibernia,
he became acquainted with the writings of Aristotle, which were at that time
extremely suspect in the
Church. "Aristotelian!" was an abusive
epithet in the mouths of the orthodox, comparable to nihilist,
freethinker, man of the "Enlightenment."
It was in Naples, too, that the flame of that urban "youth movement," which was
filling the ranks of the
first generation of the mendicant orders, was
first kindled in the heart of the young nobleman.
These two words, "Aristotle" and "mendicants," indicate the two most
important disputes which in the
first half of the thirteenth century
rocked Christendom with a passionate violence we can scarcely
understand. Both Aristotle and the mendicant orders stood in the midst of a
storm of approvals and
rejections."